Curriculum Design & Instruction To Teach The Fundamentals Of Telecommunications

Curriculum Design and Instruction To Teach

The Fundamentals Of Telecommunications:



Author: Charles Hayes:


Telecommunication is the transmission

of signals over a distance for the purpose

of communication. In modern times, this

process typically involves the sending of

electromagnetic waves by electronic

transmitters but, in earlier years, it may

have involved the use of smoke signals,

drums or semaphore. Today, telecommunication

is widespread and devices that assist the

process, such as the television, radio and

telephone, are common in many parts of the

world. There are also many networks that

connect these devices, including computer

networks, public telephone networks, radio

networks and television networks. Computer

communication across the Internet is one of

many examples of telecommunication.

Telecommunication systems are generally

designed by telecommunication engineers.

Telecommunication is an important part of

the world economy; the telecommunication

industry's revenue has been placed at just

under 3% of the gross world product.





Special Features Include:

Phases For Conducting a Needs Assessment:
Curriculum Design Supplement:
|a|. Subject-Questions-Answers:
Curriculum Design Plan:
Curriculum Design Goals:
Curriculum Design Objectives:
Instructional Goals:
Instructional Objectives:
Instructional Activities:
Instructional Evaluation Techniques:
Lesson Plans:
Standard Vocabulary:
Key Words/Phrases:
Learning Objectives:
A Limited Glimpse:


Topics Include:

* Introduction:

@. Introductory Concepts:

A. What Is Telecommunication?

B. Telecommunication Will Touch

Everybody:

C. Introductory Topics in Telecommunications:

1. End-Users, Nodes, and Connectivities:

2. Telephone Numbering and Routing:

3. Use of Tandem Switches in a Local Area

Connectivity:

4. Busy Hour and Grade of Service:

5. Simplex, Half-Duplex, and Full Duplex:

6. One-Way and Two-Way Circuits:

7. Network Topologies:

8. Variations in Traffic Flow:

D. Quality of Service:

E. Standardization in Telecommunications:

F. Organization of the PSTN in the United States:

1. Points of Presence:

@. Signals Convey Intelligence:

A. Objective:

B. Signals in Everyday Life:

C. Basic Concepts of Electricity for

Communications:

1. Early Sources of Electrical Current:

2. Electrical Telegraph: An Early Form of

Long-Distance Communications:

3. What Is Feequency?

D. Electrical Signals:

1. Introduction To Transmission:

2. Modulation:

3. Binary Digital Signals:

E. Introduction to Transporting Electrical

Signals:

1. Wire Pair:

2. Coaxial Cable Transmission:

3. Fiber Optic Cable:

4. Radio Transmission:

@. Quality of Service and Telecommunication

Impairments:

A. Objective:

B. Quality of Service: Voice, Data, and Image:

1. Introduction to Signal-to-Noise Ratio:

2. Voice Transmission:

3. Data Circuits:

4. Video (Television):

C. Three Basic Impairments and How They Affect

The End User:

1. Amplitude Distortion:

2. Phase Distortion:

3. Noise:

E. Level:

1. Typical Levels:

F. Echo and Singing:

@. Transmission and Switching: Cornerstones

Of A Network:

A. Transmission and Switching Defined:

B. Traffic Intensity Defines the Size of

Switches and the Capacity of Transmission

Links:

1. Traffic Studies:

2. Discussion of the Erlang and Poisson Traffic

Formulas:

3. Waiting Systems (Queueing):

4. Dimensioning and Efficiency:

5. Quantifying Data Traffic:

C. Introduction to Switching:

1. Basic Switching Requirements:

2. Concentration and Expansion:

3. Essential Functions of a Local Switch:

4. Common Control (Hard-Wired):

5. Stored Program Control:

6. Concentrators and Remote Switching:

D. Some Essential Concepts in Transmission:

1. Introduction:

2. Two-Wire and Four-Wire Transmission:

E. Introduction To Multiplexing:

1. Definition:

2. Frequency Division Multiples:

3. Pilot Tones:

4. Comments on the Employment and

Disadvantages FDM Systems:

@. Transmission Aspects of Voice Telephony:

A. Objective:

B. Definition of the Voice Channel:

1. Human Voice:

C. Operating of a Telephone Subset:

1. Subset Mouthpiece or Transmitter:

2. Telephone Earpiece or Receiver:

D. Subscriber Loop Design:

1. Basic Design Considerations:

2. Subscriber Loop Length Limits:

3. Designing a Subscriber Loop:

4. Extending the Subscriber Loop:

5. "Cookbook" Design Methods for

Subscriber Loops:

6. Current North American Loop Design

Rules:

E. Design of Local Area Wire-Pair Trunks

(Junctions):

1. Introduction:

2. Inductive Loading of Wire-Pair Trunks

(Junctions):

3. Local Trunk (Junction) Design Considerations:

F. VF Repeaters (Amplifiers):

@. Digital Networks:

A. Introduction to Digital Transmission:

1. Two Different PCM Standards:

B. Basis of Pulse Code Modulation:

1. Sampling:

2. Quantization:

3. Coding:

C. PCM System Operation:

D. Line Code:

E. Signal-to-Gaussian-Noise Ratio on

PCM Repeatered Lines:

F. Regenerative Repeaters:

G. PCM System Enhancements:

1. Enhancements to DS1:

2. Enhancements to E1:

H. Higher-Order PCM Multiplex Systems:

1. Introduction:

2. Stuffing and Justification:

3. North American Higher-Level Multiples:

4. European E1 Digital Hierarchy:

I. Long-Distance PCM Transmission:

1. Transmission Limitations:

2. Jitter and Wander:

3. Distortion:

4. Thermal Noise:

5. Crosstalk:

J. Digital Loop Carrier:

1. New Versions of DSL

K. Digital Switching:

1. Advantages and Issues of Digital

Switching:

2. Approaches to PCM Switching:

3. Review of Some Digital Switching

Concepts:

4. Digital Network:

1. Introduction:

2. Technical Requirements of the Digital

Network:

3. Digital Network Performance Requirements:

@. Signaling

A. What Is The Purpose of Signaling?

B. Defining the Functional Areas:

1. Supervisory Signaling:

2. Address Signaling:

3. Call Progress-Audible-Visual:

C. Signaling Techniques:

1. Conveying Signaling Information:

2. Evolution Of Signaling:

3. Subscriber Call Progress Tones and

Push-Button Codes (North American):

D. Compelled Signaling:

E. Concepts of Link-by-Link and End-to-End

Signaling:

F. Effects of Numbering on Signaling:

G. Associated and Disassociated Channel Signaling:

H. Signaling in the Subscriber Loop:

1. Background and Purpose:

I. Metallic Trunk Signaling:

1. Basic Loop Signaling:

2. Reverse-Battery Signaling:

@. Local and Long-Distance Networks:

A. Objective:

B. Makeup of the PSTN:

1. Evolving Local Network:

2. What Affects Local Network

Design?

C. Design Of Long-Distance Networks:

1. Introduction:

2. Three Design Steps:

3. Link Limitaiton:

4. Numbering Plan Areas:

5. Exchange Location:

6. Hierarchy:

7. Network Design Procedures:

D. Traffic Routing in a National Network:

1. New Routing Techniques:

2. Logic of Routing:

3. Call-Control Procedures:

4. Applications:

E. Transmission Factors in Long-Distance

Telephony:

1. Introduction:

2. Echo:

3. Singing:

4. Causes of Echo and Singing:

5. Transmission Design To Control

Echo and Singing:

6. Introduction To Transmission-Loss

Engineering:

7. Loss Plan for Digital Networks

(United States):

@. Concepts in Transmission Transport:

A. Objective:

B. Radio Systems:

1. Scope:

2. Introduction to Radio Transmission:

3. Line-of-Sight Microwave:

4. Fades, Fading and Fade Margins:

5. Diversity and Hot-Standby:

6. Frequency Planning and Frequency Assignment:

C. Satellite Communications:

1. Introduction:

2. Satellite:

3. Three Basic Technical Problems:

4. Frequency Bands: Desirable and Available:

5. Multiple Access to a Communication Satellite:

6. Earth Station Link Engineering:

7. Digital Communication by Satellite:

8. Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) Networks:

D. Fiber Optic Communication Links:

1. Applications:

2. Introduction to Optical Fiber as a

Transmission Medium:

3. Types of Optical Fiber:

4. Splices and Connectors:

5. Light Sources:

6. Optical Fiber Amplifiers:

7. Wavelength Division Multiplexing:

8. Fiber Optic Link Design:

E. Coaxial Cable Transmission Systems:

1. Introduction:

2. Description:

3. Cable Characteristics:

F. Transmission Media Summary:

@. Data Communication:

A. Objective:

B. The Bit: A Review:

C. Removing Ambiguity: Binary Convention:

D. Coding:

E. Errors in Data Transmission:

1. Introduction:

2. Nature of Errors:

3. Error Detection and Correction:

F. dc Nature of Data Transmission:

1. dc Loops:

2. Neutral and Polar dc Data Transmission

Systems:

G. Binary Transmission and the Concept

of Time:

1. Introduction:

2. Asynchronous and Synchronous

Transmission:

3. Timing:

4. Bits, Bauds, and Symbols:

5. Digital Data Waveforms:

H. Data Interface: The Physical Layer:

I. Digital Transmission on an Analog

Channel:

1. Introduction:

2. Modulation-Demodulation Schemes:

3. Critical Impairments to the Transmission

of Data:

4. Channel Capacity:

5. Modem Selection Considerations:

6. Equalization:

7. Data Transmission on the Digital Network:

J. What Are Data Protocols?

1. Basic Protocol Functions:

2. Open Systems Interconnection:

3. High-Level Data Link Control: A Typical

Link-Layer Protocol:

@. Enterprise Networks I: Local Area Networks:

A. What Do Enterprise Networks Do?

B. Local Area Networks (LANS):

C. LAN Topologies:

D. Baseband LAN Transmission Considerations:

E. Overview of ANSI/IEEE LAN Protocols:

1. Introduction:

2. How LAN Protocols Relate to OSI:

3. Logical Link Control:

F. LAN Access Protocols:

1. Introduction:

2. CSMA and CSMA/CD Acess Techniques:

3. Token Ring:

4. Fiber Distributed Data Interface:

G. LAN Interworking via Spanning Devices:

1. Repeaters:

2. LAN Bridges:

3. Routers:

4. Hubs and Switching Hubs:

@. Enterprise Networks II: Wide Area Networks:

A. Wide Area Network Deployment:

1. Introductory Comments:

B. Packet Data Communications Based

on CCITT Rec. X.25

1. Introduction to CCITT Rec. X.25:

2. X.25 Architecture and its Relationship

to OSI:

3. Tracing the Life of a Virtual Call:

B. TCP/IP and Related Protocols:

C. Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN):

1. Background and Objectives:

2. ISDN Structures:

3. User Access and Interface Structures:

4. ISDN Protocols and Protocol Issues:

5. ISDN Networks:

6. ISDN Protocol Structures:

7. Primary Rate Interfaces:

8. Overview of Layer 2, ISDN D-Channel,

LAPD Protocol:

9. Overview of Layer 3:

10. ISDN Packet Mode Review:

D. Speeding Up the Network: Frame Relay:

1. Rational and Background:

2. Genesis of Frame Relay:

3. Introduction to Frame Relay Operation:

4. Frame Structure:

5. Traffic and Billing on a Frame Relay Network:

6. Congestion Control: A Discussion:

7. Quality of Service Parameters:

@. CCITT Signaling System No. 7:

A. Introduction:

B. Overview of SS No. 7 Architecture:

C. SS No. 7: Relationship to OSI:

D. Signaling System Structure:

1. Signaling Network Management:

E. Signaling Data Link Layer (Layer 1):

F. Signaling Link Layer (Layer 2):

1. Basic Signal Unit Format:

2. Error Detection:

3. Error Correction:

4. Flow Control:

5. Basic Signal Unit Format:

G. Signaling Network Functions and

Messages (Layer 3):

1. Introduction:

2. Signaling Message-Handling Functions:

H. Signaling Network Structure:

1. Introduction:

2. International and National Signaling

Networks:

I. Signaling Performance: Message Transfer

Part:

1. Basic Performance Parameters:

2. Traffic Characteristics:

3. Transmission Parameters:

4. Signaling Link Delays over Terrestrial

and Satellite Links:

J. Numbering Plan for International Signaling

Point Codes:

K. Signaling Connection Control Part (SCCP):

1. Introduction:

2. Services Provided by the SCCP:

3. Peer-to-Peer Communication:

4. Connection-Oriented Functions: Temporary

Signaling Connections:

5. Structure of the SCCP:

L. User Parts:

1. Introduction:

2. Telephone User Part:

@. Image Communications:

A. Background and Objectives:

B. Appreciation of Video Transmission:

1. Additional Definitions:

C. Composite Signal:

D. Critical Video Parameters:

1. General:

2. Transmission Standard Level:

3. Other Parameters:

E. Video Transmission Standards (Criteria for

Broadcasters):

1. Color Transmission:

2. Standardized Transmission Parameters

( Point-to-Point TV):

F. Methods of Program Channel Transmission:

G. Transmission of Video over LOS Microwave:

1. Bandwidth of the Baseband and

Baseband Response:

2. Preemphsis:

3. Differential Gain:

4. Differential Phase:

5. Signal-to-Noise Ratio (10 kHz to 5 MHz):

6. Continuity Pilot:

H. TV Transmission by Satellite Relay:

I. Digital Television:

1. Introduction:

2. Basic Digital Television:

3. Bit Rate Reduction and Compression

Techniques:

4. Overview of the MPEG-2 Compression

Technique:

I. Conference Television:

1. Introduction:

2. pX64 Codec:

J. Brief Overview of Frame Transport for

Video Conferencing:

1. Basic Principle:

@. Community Antenna Television

(Cable Television):

A. Objective and Scope:

B. Evolution of CATV:

1. Beginnings:

2. Early System Layouts:

C. System Impairments and Performance Measures:

1. Overview:

2. dBmV and Its Applications:

3. Thermal Noise in CATV Systems:

4. Signal-to-Noise (S/N) Ratio versus Carrier-to-

Noise (C/N) Ratio in CATV Systems:

5. Problem of Cross-Modulation (Xm):

6. Gains and Levels for CATV Amplifiers:

7. Underlying Coaxial Cable System:

8. Taps:

D. Hybrid Fiber-Coax (HFC) Systems:

1. Design of the Fiber Optic Portion

of an HFC System:

E. Digital Transmission of CATV Signals:

1. Approaches:

2. Transmission of Uncompressed Video on

CATV Trunks:

3. Compressed Video:

E. Two-Way Voice and Data over CATV Systems

According to the IEEE 802.14 Committee

Standard:

1. General:

2. Overview of the Medium Access Control:

3. Overview of the Physical Layer:

4. Other General Information:

5. Medium Access Control:

6. Physical Layer Description:

7. Upstream Physical Layer Specification:

@. Cellular and PCS Radio Systems:

A. Introduction:

1. Background:

2. Scope and Objective:

B. Basic Concepts of Cellular Radio:

C. Radio Propagation in the Mobile Environment:

1. Propagation Problem:

2. Propagation Models:

D. Impairments: Fading in the Mobile Environment:

1. Introduction:

2. Diversity: A Technique to Mitigate the Effects

of Fading and Dispersion:

3. Cellular Radio Path Calculations:

E. Cellular Radio Bandwidth Dilemma:

1. Background and Objectives:

2. Bit Rate Reduction of the Digital

Voice Channel:

F. Network Access Techniques:

1. Introduction:

2. Frequency Division Multiple Access:

3. Time Division Multiple Access:

4. Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA):

G. Frequency Reuse:

H. Personal Communication Services:

1. Defining Personal Communications:

2. Narrowband Microcell Propagation at PCS

Distances:

I. Cordless Telephone Technology:

1. Background:

2. North American Cordless Telephones:

3. European Cordless Telephones:

J. Wireless LANs:

K. Mobile Satellite Communications:

1. Background and Scope:

2. Two Typical LEO Systems:

3. Advantages and Disadvantages of LEO Systems:

@. Advanced Broadband Digital Transport

Formats:

A. Introduction:

B. SONET:

1. Introduction and Background:

2. Synchronous Signal Structure:

3. Line Rates for Standard SONET Interface Signals:

4. Add-Drop Multiplex:

C. Synchronous Digital Hierarchy:

1. Introduction:

2. SDH Standard Bit Rates:

3. Interface and Frame Structure of SDH:

@. Asynchronous Transder Mode:

A. Evolving Toward ATM:

B. Introduction to ATM:

C. User-Network Interface and Architecture:

D. ATM Cell: Key to Operation:

1. ATM Cell Structure:

2. Idle Cells:

E. Cell Delineation and Scrambling:

F. ATM Layering and B-ISDN:

1. Physical Layer:

2. ATM Layer:

3. ATM Adaptation Layer:

G. Services: Connection-Oriented and

Connectionless:

1. Functional Architecture:

H. B-ISDN/ATM Routing and Switching:

1. Virtual Channel Level:

2. Virtual Path Level:

I. Signaling Requirements:

1. Setup and Release of VCCs:

2. Signaling Virtual Channels:

J. Quality of Service:

1. ATM Quality of Service Review:

2. Selected QoS Parameter Descriptions:

K. Traffic Control and Congestion Control:

L. Transporting ATM Cells:

1. In the DS3 Frame:

2. DSI Mapping:

3. E1 Mapping:

4. Mapping ATM Cells into SDH:

5. Mapping ATM CElls into SONET:

* STATE OF THE ART CURRICULUM DESIGN:

* NEW:

* ILLUSTRATIONS:

* DIAGRAMS:

* BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES & INDEX:

* B & W & COLOR PHOTOS:

* PAPERBACK:

* TRANSPARENT FRONT PAGE:

* BLACK-WHITE-RED OR BLUE BACK PAGE COVER:

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* 500 WHITE PAGES: 8x11"

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